The science behind penalty shootouts: Analysis and probabilities

One of the most polemic aspects of the game, penalty kicks are dreaded by fans and derided by casuals, but just what does the science say?

During penalty shootouts, goalies fall prey to 'gambler's fallacy' - Los Angeles Times

The psychology behind penalty kicks and reaction time in the World Cup - The Washington Post

Winning Penalty Shootouts With Sport Psychology, by Dave Kearney

The psychology behind penalty kicks and reaction time in the World Cup - The Washington Post

The science behind penalty shootouts: Analysis and probabilities of penalty kicks - AS USA

The Audacious, Inadvisable Gamble Behind Morocco's Winning Penalty - WSJ

PDF) A comprehensive analysis of soccer penalty shootout designs

How to win a penalty shootout: prepare, be smart – and win the toss, Women's World Cup 2023

The empirical probability that A wins a penalty shootout over five

World Cup penalty kicks and the psychology behind the shootout - Sports Illustrated

The science behind penalty shootouts: Analysis and probabilities of penalty kicks - AS USA

PDF) A comparison of penalty shootout designs in soccer

World Cup 2022: How to take a penalty in a shootout - BBC Sport

Are the chances of saving a penalty actually 50 50? - Quora

World Cup penalty kicks and the psychology behind the shootout - Sports Illustrated